Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means and refers to all types of voice, data and video transmission. This is a broad term that includes a wide range of information transmitting technologies such as telephones (wired and wireless), microwave communications, fibre optics, satellites, radio and television broadcasting, the internet and telegraphs.
A complete, single telecommunications circuit consists of two stations, each equipped with a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and receiver at any station may be combined into a single device called a transceiver. The medium of signal transmission can be via electrical wire or cable (also known as “copper”), optical fibre, electromagnetic fields or light. The free space transmission and reception of data by means of electromagnetic fields is called wireless communications.
Types of telecommunications networks are as follows:
The internet is the largest example of a telecommunications network. On a smaller scale, examples include:
• Corporate and academic wide-area networks (WANs)
• Telephone networks include BSNL, MTNL etc.
• Cellular networks and brand include Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Jio etc.
• Police and fire communications systems
• Taxi dispatch networks
• Groups of amateur (ham) radio operators
• Broadcast networks
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